Methods, devices and systems for providing power to a linear amplifier

ABSTRACT

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a redox battery system comprising a three dimensional array of a plurality of nano-batteries and a hydrogen power system comprising a nano-array of hydrogen paper, a heat source and a water source, wherein the hydrogen paper attracts hydrogen from the water source. Further embodiments can include a solar power system comprising an array of a plurality of nano-solar cells and an ionic diode power system comprising two electrodes separated by a polycarbonate membrane, two borophene electric charge capture devices, and a capacitor stack. Additional embodiment can include a power supply controller providing power to a linear amplifier using the redox battery system and causing recharging of the redox battery system utilizing the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, the ionic diode power system, or a combination thereof, to provide charge to the redox battery system. Other embodiments are disclosed.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems forproviding power to a linear amplifier.

BACKGROUND

Linear amplifiers are used to strengthen data signals in communicationnetworks. Further, linear amplifiers require power to operate. In somecircumstances, a linear amplifier can be placed in a remote locationsuch that providing power to the linear amplify can be expensive,unreliable, or infeasible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a communications network in accordance with variousaspects described herein.

FIGS. 2A-2I is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIGS. 2J-2K depicts illustrative embodiments of methods in accordancewith various aspects described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance withvarious aspects described herein.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of amobile network platform in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of acommunication device in accordance with various aspects describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments can include a redox battery system. The redox battery systemcomprises a three dimensional array of a plurality of nano-batteries.Further embodiments can include a hydrogen power system. The hydrogenpower system comprises a nano-array of hydrogen paper, a heat source anda water source, wherein the hydrogen paper is configured to attracthydrogen from the water source. Additional embodiments can include asolar power system. The solar power system comprises an array of aplurality of nano-solar cells. Also, embodiments can include an ionicdiode power system. The ionic diode power system comprises twoelectrodes separated by a polycarbonate membrane, two borophene electriccharge capture devices, and a capacitor stack. Further embodiments caninclude a power supply controller comprising a processing systemincluding a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructionsthat, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance ofoperations. The operations can include providing power to a linearamplifier using the redox battery system. Further operations can includecausing recharging of the redox battery system utilizing the hydrogenpower system, the solar power system, the ionic diode power system, or acombination thereof, to provide charge to the redox battery system.Other embodiments are described in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a system. The cancomprise a redox battery system. The redox battery system comprises athree dimensional array of a plurality of nano-batteries. Further, thesystem can include a hydrogen power system. The hydrogen power systemcomprises a nano-array of hydrogen paper, a heat source and a watersource. The hydrogen paper is configured to attract hydrogen from thewater source. In addition, the system can include a solar power system.The solar power system comprises an array of a plurality of nano-solarcells. Also, the system can include an ionic diode power system. Theionic diode power system comprises two electrodes separated by apolycarbonate membrane, two borophene electric charge capture devices,and a capacitor stack. Further, the system can include a power supplycontroller comprising a processing system including a processor, and amemory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessing system, facilitate performance of operations, the operations.The operations can include providing power to a linear amplifier usingthe redox battery system. Further operations can include causingrecharging of the redox battery system utilizing the hydrogen powersystem, the solar power system, the ionic diode power system, or acombination thereof, to provide charge to the redox battery system.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a non-transitory,machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, whenexecuted by a processing system including a processor, facilitateperformance of operations. Operations can include monitoring charge of aredox battery system. Further operations can include detecting thecharge is below a predetermined threshold based on the monitoring.Additional operations can include detecting an amount of hydrogen on aportion of hydrogen paper in a hydrogen power system. Also, operationscan include determining an amount of sunlight according to a pluralityof sensors. A solar power system comprises the plurality of sensors.Further operations can include causing recharging of the redox batterysystem according to the amount of hydrogen and amount of sunlight. Therecharging of the redox battery system is performed by utilizing thehydrogen power system, the solar power system, an ionic diode powersystem, or a combination thereof.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include a method. Themethod can include detecting, by a processing system including aprocessor, an amount of hydrogen on a portion of hydrogen paper in ahydrogen power system. Further, the method can include determining, bythe processing system, an amount of sunlight according to a plurality ofsensors. A solar power system comprises the plurality of sensors. Inaddition, the method can include causing, by the processing system,recharging of a redox battery system according to the amount of hydrogenand amount of sunlight in response to detecting that a charge of a redoxbattery system is below a predetermined threshold. The recharging of theredox battery system is performed by utilizing the hydrogen powersystem, the solar power system, an ionic diode power system, or acombination thereof.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network 100 inaccordance with various aspects described herein. In one or moreembodiments, the communications network 100 can include a linearamplifier that is provided power by a redox battery system. In addition,a hydrogen power system, a solar power system, and an ionic diode powersystem can replenish charge for the redox battery system. Further, apower supply controller communicatively coupled to the redox batterysystem, the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, and the ionicdiode power system. Also, the power supply controller controls, adjusts,manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or provides power to thelinear amplifier from the redox power system and controls, adjusts,manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or provides charge from one ormore of the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, and the ionicdiode power system.

In particular, a communications network 125 is presented for providingbroadband access 110 to a plurality of data terminals 114 via accessterminal 112, wireless access 120 to a plurality of mobile devices 124and vehicle 126 via base station or access point 122, voice access 130to a plurality of telephony devices 134, via switching device 132 and/ormedia access 140 to a plurality of audio/video display devices 144 viamedia terminal 142. In addition, communication network 125 is coupled toone or more content sources 175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/orother media. While broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voiceaccess 130 and media access 140 are shown separately, one or more ofthese forms of access can be combined to provide multiple accessservices to a single client device (e.g., mobile devices 124 can receivemedia content via media terminal 142, data terminal 114 can be providedvoice access via switching device 132, and so on).

The communications network 125 includes a plurality of network elements(NE) 150, 152, 154, 156, etc. for facilitating the broadband access 110,wireless access 120, voice access 130, media access 140 and/or thedistribution of content from content sources 175. The communicationsnetwork 125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, avoice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP)network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G,or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network,UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless accessnetwork, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communicationsnetwork.

In various embodiments, the access terminal 112 can include a digitalsubscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem terminationsystem (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal.The data terminals 114 can include personal computers, laptop computers,netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digitalsubscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interfacespecification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modemsuch as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/orother access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station or access point 122 can includea 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point thatoperates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or otherwireless access terminal. The mobile devices 124 can include mobilephones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or othermobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, the switching device 132 can include a privatebranch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIPgateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices 134 can include traditional telephones (with orwithout a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephonydevices.

In various embodiments, the media terminal 142 can include a cablehead-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway or othermedia terminal 142. The display devices 144 can include televisions withor without a set top box, personal computers and/or other displaydevices.

In various embodiments, the content sources 175 include broadcasttelevision and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streamingvideo and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks,data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or othersources of media.

In various embodiments, the communications network 125 can includewired, optical and/or wireless links and the network elements 150, 152,154, 156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transferpoints, service control points, network gateways, media distributionhubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and othernetwork nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic overwired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and otherpublic networks as well as one or more private networks, for managingsubscriber access, for billing and network management and for supportingother network functions.

FIGS. 2A-2I is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limitingembodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG. 1 in accordance with various aspects described herein. Referring toFIG. 2A, in one or more embodiments, the system 200 includes a low powersignal detector 202, a linear amplifier 204, a linear transmittercircuitry 205, and a power system 206 that provide s power to the linearamplifier. The system 200 can be located in telecommunication, cellular,or data networks. In some embodiments, the system 200 can be for acellular network such that the low power signal detector 202 receives anorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, as used insome cellular networks. In further embodiments, the low power signaldetector determines whether the power of the OFDM signal is below apredetermined threshold. If so, the OFDM signal can be provided to thelinear amplifier 204. In addition, the linear amplifier 204 amplifiesthe OFDM signal resulting in an amplified OFDM signal. Also, the linearamplifier 204 can provide the amplified OFDM signal to the lineartransmitter circuitry 205. Further, the linear transmitter circuitry canprovide the amplified OFDM signal to another network element in thecellular network, accordingly.

In one or more embodiments, the linear amplifier 204 is provided powerby the power system 206. In some embodiments, the power system 206 candraw power from an electric grid to provide power to the linearamplifier 204. In other embodiments, the linear amplifier may be locatedin a remote premises located in an area that is not equipped to drawpower from the electric grid. Thus, in such a remote premises the powersystem 206 may be a self-generating or self-charging power system asdescribed herein. In some embodiments, a self-generating orself-charging power system can be incorporated in the power system 206even though the power system 206 can draw power from an electric grid.In such embodiments, the self-generating or self-charging power systemcan be a back-up power system to the linear amplifier in situations theelectric grid is not functioning or access to the electric grid isimpaired.

Referring to FIG. 2B, the system 210 include a power system 206 as shownin FIG. 2A. In one or more embodiments, the system 210 can include apower supply controller 212, a redox battery system 214, a hydrogenpower system 216, a solar power system 218, and an ionic diode powersystem 219. In some embodiments, the power supply controller 212 cancontrols, adjust, manage, regulate, cause to provide and/or providepower from the redox battery system 214 to a linear amplifier 204. Inother embodiments, the power supply controller 212 can provide power tothe linear amplifier 204 solely from the redox battery system becausethe linear amplifier 204 is located in a remote premises without thecapability to access power from an electric grid. In other embodiments,the power supply controller 212 can provide the linear amplifier 204with power either from an electric grid or from the redox power system214. In such embodiments, the redox battery system 214 can be operatedas a back-up power system to the electric grid for situations in whichthe electric grid cannot provide power to the linear amplifier 204.

In one or more embodiments, a redox battery system can also be called areduction-oxidation battery in which charge is collected from ionsflowing from an anolyte chemical liquid to a catholyte chemical liquid.The anolyte and catholyte are separated by an ion-selective membrane toinduce charge collection.

In one or more embodiments, the linear amplifier 204 can deplete chargefrom the redox battery system. Charge can be replaced using one or moreof the hydrogen power system 212, solar power system 218, and/or ionicdiode power system. The power supply controller controls, adjusts,manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or provides charge from one,some or all of the hydrogen power system 216, solar power system 218,and ionic diode power system 219. In some embodiments, the power supplycontroller can monitor the charge of the redox battery system 214 anddetects that the charge of the battery redox battery system is below apredetermined threshold. In response, the power supply controller 212can cause the recharging of the redox battery system 214 from one, some,or all of the hydrogen power system 216, solar power system 218, andionic diode power system 219. The power supply controller 212 can selectone, some, or all of the hydrogen power system 216, solar power system218, and ionic diode power system 219 depending on whether their ownresources (e.g. amount of hydrogen, amount of sunlight), etc. isavailable, as described herein.

Referring to FIG. 2C, in one or more embodiments, a redox battery system220 can comprise several components that include a reservoir tank ofanolyte 230 and a reservoir or tank of catholyte 232. An example ofanolyte can be pyridinium and an example of catholyte can be iodide. Theanolyte from the tank 230 and the catholyte from the tank 232 can beprovided to a nanocell 229 (i.e. nano-battery) using pumps 234, 236.Each nanocell 229 can comprise a positive electrode 222 proximate to anarea filled with anolyte 224 as well as a negative electrode 226proximate to an area filled with catholyte 228. The anolyte 224 and thecatholyte 228 are separated by a membrane 225. Ions flow between theanolyte 224 portion of the cell and the catholyte 228 portion of thecell inducing charge and/or power 238 that is provided to the powersupply controller 212, which provides the power to the linear amplifier204. In further embodiments, the redox battery system 214 can comprisemultiple nanocells 229 (i.e. nano-batteries) to provide power to thelinear amplifier 204. As the charge is depleted by the redox batterysystem 220 in one or the anolyte 230 or catholyte 232 reservoirs ortanks, the charge is replaced using one or more of hydrogen power system216, solar power system 218, and ionic diode system 219.

Referring to FIG. 2D, in one or more embodiments, the system 240 is anembodiment of a hydrogen power system 216. The system 240 can compriseseveral components including a hydrogen power controller 242, a heatsource 245, a water reservoir 256, and hydrogen paper 244. Further, thehydrogen power controller 242, heat source 245, and hydrogen paper 244comprise the hydrogen release components 248 of the system 240. Inaddition, the hydrogen power controller 242, water reservoir 256, andhydrogen paper 244 comprise the hydrogen capture components 246 of thesystem 240.

In one or more embodiments, the hydrogen power controller 242 detectsthe charge of the redox battery system 214 is below a predeterminedthreshold. Further, the hydrogen power controller 242 activates the heatsource 245 to be applied to the hydrogen paper 244 in response todetecting the charge of the redox battery system 214 falling below apredetermined threshold. The heat from the heat source 245 releasehydrogen from the hydrogen paper 244. The hydrogen is provided to thehydrogen power controller 242, which provides the hydrogen to the redoxbattery system 214 to replenish its charge.

In one or more embodiments, the hydrogen power controller 242 can detectthat the hydrogen level of the hydrogen paper 244 falls below apredetermined threshold. In response, the hydrogen power controller 242can release water from the water reservoir 256 to replenish the hydrogenon the hydrogen paper 244. In some embodiments, the hydrogen paper canbe a ketone polymer sheet enriched with nanoplate catalysts that canpull or attract hydrogen from the water when the ketone polymer sheet isexposed to water.

In one or more embodiments, the power supply controller can monitor theamount of hydrogen attached to the hydrogen paper and/or the amount ofwater in the water reservoir 256 and determine that there is not enoughresources to provide charge to the redox battery system 214 for a periodof time and select one of the sunlight power system 218 and ionic diodepower system 219 to provide charge to the redox battery system toreplenish its supply. In one or more embodiments, the hydrogen paper canbe other types of hydrogen paper or other elements that facilitatesupplying hydrogen as described herein.

Referring to FIG. 2E, in one or more embodiments, the system 250 caninclude an embodiment of the hydrogen power system 216 as shown in FIG.2B. The system 250 can comprise several components including a waterreservoir 256, and heat source 258, a hydrogen paper nano-array 252(each portion or cell of the hydrogen paper nano-array 252 can includenanoplate catalysts 254), and a hydrogen gas collector 260. The hydrogengas collector can provide hydrogen to one or more nanocells. Eachnanocell can include anode 262 and a cathode 264. The hydrogen gascollector 260 provides hydrogen to the anode of one or more nanocells toreplenish or provide the charge 266 to the redox battery system.

Referring to FIG. 2F, in one or more embodiments, system 270 can includean embodiment of the solar power system 218. In some embodiments, thesystem 270 can include a solar power controller 272, a sunlight solarpower system 273, and an ambient heat solar power system 274. In otherembodiments, the system 270 can include only one of the sunlight solarpower system 273 and the ambient heat solar power system 274. The solarpower controller 272 can receive charge from one or both of the sunlightsolar power system 273 and/or ambient heat solar power system 274 andprovide the charge to the redox battery system 214 to replenish chargeprovided as power to the linear amplifier 204.

Referring to FIG. 2G, in one or more embodiments, the system 275 can bean embodiment of a sunlight solar power system 273. The system 275 cancomprise one or more nano-solar cells each of which comprising aflexible Perovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276, each flexiblePerovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276 coupled to one or more risers277, and each flexible Perovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276 coupled toa charge collector 278. The risers 277 orient each flexible Perovskitephotovoltaic solar cell 276 toward the direction of the sun to collectsunlight 279. In some embodiments, the risers 277 are communicativelycoupled to sensors to detect the orientation of the sunlight. If thesensors detect a change in the orientation of the sun, actuators coupledto the risers 277 are operated to orient the flexible Perovskitephotovoltaic solar cell 276 toward the direction of the sun to continueto collect sunlight 279. Hence, the risers actuate in an inverselyphototrophic manner. Further, the flexible Perovskite photovoltaic solarcell 276 captures sunlight 279 and converts it to electric charge, whichis stored in charge collector 278. Charge from the charge collector 278are provided to the solar power controller 272, which then can send thecharge to the redox battery 214 to replenish its supply.

In one or more embodiments, the sensors of the risers 277 can detectthat the orientation of the sun is overhead. Thus, all risers 277 forthe flexible Perovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276 are actuated to ahigh level so that the flexible Perovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276can collect sunlight 279. In another embodiment, the sensors of therisers 277 can detect that the orientation of the sun is at an angle.Hence, two of the risers 277 for the flexible Perovskite photovoltaicsolar cell 276 are actuated to a high level and two risers 277 areactuated to a low level to orient the all risers 277 for the flexiblePerovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276 so that the flexible Perovskitephotovoltaic solar cell 276 can collect sunlight 279 at an angle.

In one or more embodiments, the risers can be actuated according to thetime of day. For example, if the time of day is around 12 noon, it maybe likely the orientation of the sun is directly overhead. Thus, allrisers 277 for the flexible Perovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276 areactuated to a high level so that the flexible Perovskite photovoltaicsolar cell 276 can collect sunlight 279. In a further embodiment, if thetime of day is around 3 pm, it may be likely that the sun is at angle.Hence, two of the risers 277 for the flexible Perovskite photovoltaicsolar cell 276 are actuated to a high level and two risers 277 areactuated to a low level to orient the all risers 277 for the flexiblePerovskite photovoltaic solar cell 276 so that the flexible Perovskitephotovoltaic solar cell 276 can collect sunlight 27 at an angle.

In one or more embodiments, the power supply controller can monitor theamount of sunlight using the sensors or detecting the amount of chargecollected by the charge collectors 278 (e.g. the amount of chargecollected by charge collectors 278 is not above a predeterminedthreshold). If the power supply controller 212 determines that theamount of collected charge or amount of sunlight is not above apredetermined threshold, then the power supply controller 212 candetermine that there is not enough resources to provide charge to theredox battery system 214 for a period of time and select one of thehydrogen power system 216 and ionic diode power system 219 to providecharge to the redox battery system to replenish its supply.

Referring to FIG. 2H, the system 280 can be an embodiment of the ambientheat solar power system 274. The system 280 can comprise a nano-array ofPerovskite photovoltaic solar cell 281, each of which standsperpendicular to a semiconductor 282. Each Perovskite photovoltaic solarcell 281 captures heat (i.e. infrared light). The semiconductorgenerates charge due to each of the Perovskite photovoltaic solar cells281 collecting heat. The charge can provided to the solar powercontroller 272, which then can send the charge to the redox battery 214to replenish its supply. In some embodiments, the height, spacing, orradii of each Perovskite photovoltaic solar cell can be adjustedaccording to the target bandwidth of the infrared light to increasecollection of charge. In other embodiments, the size or dimensions ofthe semiconductor 282 can be adjusted according to the target bandwidthof the infrared light to focus the infrared light onto the Perovskitephotovoltaic solar cells 281.

Referring to FIG. 2I, in one or more embodiments, the system 285 can bean embodiment of the ionic diode power system 219. An ionic diode powersystem 219 can harness the energy of vibrations using a flexible ionicdiode. The system 285 can comprise several components that can includeionic diode controller 286, electric charge collectors 289 a, 289 b,nanocomposite electrodes 289 c, 289 e separated by a membrane 289 d, anda capacitor stack 289 f. In some embodiments, the charge collectors 289a, 289 b can comprise borophene. In other embodiments, one electrode 289c can be a group of liquid positive ions and another electrode 289 e canbe a group of liquid negative ions. Ions travel between the electrodes289 c, 289 e across the membrane 289 inducing charge to be collectedinto the capacitor stack 289 f. In some embodiments the membrane 289 dcan comprise a polycarbonate membrane. Charge stored in the capacitorstack 289 f can discharged to be provided as current 288 to the ionicdiode controller 286. Further, the ionic diode controller 286 canprovide the charge from the current to the redox battery system 214 toreplenish its supply. In other embodiments, the ionic diode controllercan provide current 287 to the one or both charge collectors 289 a, 289b to replenish the ions of one or both of the electrodes 289 c, 289 e tosustain the operation of the ionic diode.

FIGS. 2J-2K depicts illustrative embodiments of methods in accordancewith various aspects described herein. Referring to FIG. 2J, the method290 can be implemented by any of the devices described herein includinga power supply controller. Further, the method 290 can include, at 291,the power supply controller providing power to a linear amplifier usinga redox battery system. In addition, the method 290 can include, at 292,the power supply controller causing recharging of the redox batterysystem utilizing the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, theionic diode power system, or a combination thereof, to provide charge tothe redox battery system.

In one or more embodiments, the redox battery system comprises a threedimensional array of a plurality of nano-batteries. Each of theplurality of nano-batteries comprises an anode and a cathode separatedby a membrane wherein each anode of each of the plurality ofnano-batteries receives an anolyte from a first reservoir, wherein eachcathode of each of the plurality of nano-batteries receives a catholytefrom a second reservoir. Further, the anolyte can comprise pyridiniumand the catholyte can comprise iodide.

In one or more embodiments, the hydrogen power system comprises anano-array of hydrogen paper, a heat source and a water source, whereinthe hydrogen paper is configured to attract hydrogen from the watersource. The charge is generated in response to the hydrogen beingcaptured from the hydrogen paper in response to the heat source beingactivated and applied to the hydrogen paper. Each cell of the nano-arrayof hydrogen paper comprises a nanoplate catalyst that provides thehydrogen to a hydrogen collector. Further, the hydrogen collectorprovides the hydrogen to each of a plurality of anode-cathode pairs. Aportion of the charge is collected from at least one of the plurality ofanode-cathode pairs.

In one or more embodiments, the solar power system comprises an array ofa plurality of nano-solar cells. Each of the plurality of nano-solarcells comprise a Perovskite solar cell resulting in a plurality ofPerovskite solar cells. Further, each of the plurality of Perovskitesolar cells is coupled to a riser resulting in a plurality of risers,wherein adjusting a riser of the plurality of risers adjusts anorientation of a Perovskite solar cell of the plurality of Perovskitesolar cells. In some embodiments, the adjusting of the riser of theplurality of risers comprises adjusting the riser of the plurality ofrisers in response to determining a time of day. In other embodiments,the adjusting of the riser of the plurality of risers comprisesadjusting the riser of the plurality of risers in response todetermining a change in orientation of sunlight. Also, each Perovskitesolar cell of the plurality of Perovskite solar cells is coupled to acharge collector resulting in a plurality of charge collectors, whereina portion of the charge is collected from at least one of the pluralityof charge collectors.

In additional embodiments, the plurality of Perovskite solar cells arearranged in a two dimensional array on a semiconductor, wherein each ofthe plurality of Perovskite solar cells captures ambient heat to heat afirst side of the semiconductor. A portion of the charge is collectedfrom the semiconductor.

In one or more embodiments, the ionic diode power system comprises twoelectrodes separated by a polycarbonate membrane, two borophene electriccharge capture devices, and a capacitor stack. A portion of the chargeis collected from ion flow between the two electrodes through thepolycarbonate membrane by the two borophene electric charge devices. Theportion of the charge is stored in the capacitor stack. The portion ofthe charge is provided by the capacitor stack in response to dischargingthe capacitor stack

Referring to FIG. 2K, the method 299 can be implemented by any of thedevices described herein including a power supply controller. The method299 can include, at 293, the power supply controller monitoring chargeof a redox battery system. Further, the method 299 can include, at 294,the power supply controller detecting the charge is below apredetermined threshold based on the monitoring. In addition, the method299 can include, at 295, the power supply controller detecting an amountof hydrogen on a portion of hydrogen paper in a hydrogen power system.Also, the method 299 can include, at 296, the power supply controllerdetermining an amount of sunlight according to a plurality of sensors,wherein a solar power system comprises the plurality of sensors.Further, the method 299 can include, at 294, the power supply controllercausing recharging of the redox battery system according to the amountof hydrogen and amount of sunlight, wherein the recharging of the redoxbattery system is performed by utilizing the hydrogen power system, thesolar power system, an ionic diode power system, or a combinationthereof.

In one or more embodiments, the power supply controller can not onlyselect a particular recharging source/system or combination ofsources/system (e.g. hydrogen power system, solar power system, ionicdiode power system), but also regulates that amount of charging from thesource/system. For example, a solar system collects an amount of chargefrom the amount of sunlight that does not rise above a predeterminedthreshold. The hydrogen power system includes enough hydrogen attachedto the hydrogen paper but is below a predetermined threshold for theamount of hydrogen such that the hydrogen can be depleted in a shortamount of time. Thus, the power supply controller can use thecombination of the solar power system and the hydrogen power system torecharge the redox battery system to prolong the depletion of thehydrogen attached to the hydrogen paper. Therefore, the power supply candetect the amount of resources (e.g. sunlight, water, hydrogen, etc.)available from the self-charging power systems (e.g. hydrogen powersystem, solar power system, ionic diode power system, etc.) anddetermine to select one or more of the self-charging power systems toprolong the depletion of the amount of resources available.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respectiveprocesses are shown and described as a series of blocks in FIGS. 2J and2K, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subjectmatter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks mayoccur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks fromwhat is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustratedblocks may be required to implement the methods described herein.Further, portions of embodiments described herein can be combined withportions of other embodiments. In addition, embodiments can be separatedand implemented stand alone.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram 300 is shown illustrating anexample, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication networkin accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular avirtualized communication network is presented that can be used toimplement some or all of the subsystems and functions of communicationnetwork 100, the subsystems and functions of system 200, and methods 290and 299 presented in FIGS. 1, 2A-2K.

In one or more embodiments, the networks shown in FIG. 3 can include alinear amplifier that is provided power by a redox battery system. Inaddition, a hydrogen power system, a solar power system, and an ionicdiode power system can replenish charge for the redox battery system.Further, a power supply controller communicatively coupled to the redoxbattery system, the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, andthe ionic diode power system. Also, the power supply controllercontrols, adjusts, manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or providespower to the linear amplifier from the redox power system and controls,adjusts, manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or provides chargefrom one or more of the hydrogen power system, the solar power system,and the ionic diode power system.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leveragescloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer 350, a virtualized network function cloud 325 and/or oneor more cloud computing environments 375. In various embodiments, thiscloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leveragesapplication programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity fromservices and operations; supports more nimble business models; andrapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirementsincluding traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity ofperformance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typicallyintegrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communicationnetwork employs virtual network elements (VNEs) 330, 332, 334, etc. thatperform some or all of the functions of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrateof networking capability, often called Network Function VirtualizationInfrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of beingdirected with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocolsto perform a broad variety of network functions and services. Thisinfrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typicaltype of substrate being servers that support Network FunctionVirtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities basedon generic computing resources, with specialized network technologiesbrought to bear when general purpose processors or general purposeintegrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein asmerchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communicationservices can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element 150 (shown in FIG. 1), suchas an edge router can be implemented via a VNE 330 composed of NFVsoftware modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. Thesoftware can be written so that increasing workload consumes incrementalresources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it'selastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similarfashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edgecaches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool.Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planningand growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, the transport layer 350 includes fiber, cable, wiredand/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces toprovide broadband access 110, wireless access 120, voice access 130,media access 140 and/or access to content sources 175 for distributionof content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, insome cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place,and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times,the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannotbe abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code andanalog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementationas VNEs 330, 332 or 334. These network elements can be included intransport layer 350.

The virtualized network function cloud 325 interfaces with the transportlayer 350 to provide the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide specificNFVs. In particular, the virtualized network function cloud 325leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to supportnetworking workloads. The VNEs 330, 332 and 334 can employ networkfunction software that provides either a one-for-one mapping oftraditional network element function or alternately some combination ofnetwork functions designed for cloud computing. For example, VNEs 330,332 and 334 can include route reflectors, domain name system (DNS)servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers, systemarchitecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility management entity (MME)gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers for IP-VPN,Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers and othernetwork elements. Because these elements don't typically need to forwardlarge amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributed across anumber of servers—each of which adds a portion of the capability, andoverall which creates an elastic function with higher availability thanits former monolithic version. These VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. can beinstantiated and managed using an orchestration approach similar tothose used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments 375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud 325 via APIs that expose functional capabilitiesof the VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. to provide the flexible and expandedcapabilities to the virtualized network function cloud 325. Inparticular, network workloads may have applications distributed acrossthe virtualized network function cloud 325 and cloud computingenvironment 375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrateworkloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these thirdparty locations.

Turning now to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of acomputing environment in accordance with various aspects describedherein. Aspects of the computing environment can be incorporated invarious devices described herein including low power signal detector202, linear amplifier 204, linear transmitter circuitry 205, powersupply controller 212, the redox battery system 214, hydrogen powersystem 216, solar power system 218, ionic diode power system 219,hydrogen power controller 242, solar power controller 272, sunlightsolar power system 273, ambient heat solar power system 274.

In order to provide additional context for various embodiments of theembodiments described herein, FIG. 4 and the following discussion areintended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computingenvironment 400 in which the various embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be implemented. In particular, computing environment 400can be used in the implementation of network elements 150, 152, 154,156, access terminal 112, base station or access point 122, switchingdevice 132, media terminal 142, and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc. Each ofthese devices can be implemented via computer-executable instructionsthat can run on one or more computers, and/or in combination with otherprogram modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personalcomputers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can beoperatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors aswell as other application specific circuits such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine,programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals ordata and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. Itshould be noted that while any functions and features described hereinin association with the operation of a processor could likewise beperformed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which cancomprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media,which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implementedin connection with any method or technology for storage of informationsuch as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured dataor unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devicesor other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to storedesired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or“non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any informationdelivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signalsrefers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set orchanged in such a manner as to encode information in one or moresignals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication mediacomprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wiredconnection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and otherwireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 4, the example environment can comprise acomputer 402, the computer 402 comprising a processing unit 404, asystem memory 406 and a system bus 408. The system bus 408 couplessystem components including, but not limited to, the system memory 406to the processing unit 404. The processing unit 404 can be any ofvarious commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors andother multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 404.

The system bus 408 can be any of several types of bus structure that canfurther interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 406comprises ROM 410 and RAM 412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can bestored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable readonly memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines thathelp to transfer information between elements within the computer 402,such as during startup. The RAM 412 can also comprise a high-speed RAMsuch as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 414(e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal HDD 414 can also be configured forexternal use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy diskdrive (FDD) 416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette418) and an optical disk drive 420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 422 or,to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as theDVD). The HDD 414, magnetic FDD 416 and optical disk drive 420 can beconnected to the system bus 408 by a hard disk drive interface 424, amagnetic disk drive interface 426 and an optical drive interface 428,respectively. The hard disk drive interface 424 for external driveimplementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus(USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies arewithin contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 402, the drives and storagemedia accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format.Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refersto a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and aremovable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated bythose skilled in the art that other types of storage media which arereadable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flashmemory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the exampleoperating environment, and further, that any such storage media cancontain computer-executable instructions for performing the methodsdescribed herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 412,comprising an operating system 430, one or more application programs432, other program modules 434 and program data 436. All or portions ofthe operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 412. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 402 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 438 and apointing device, such as a mouse 440. Other input devices (not shown)can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick,a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and otherinput devices are often connected to the processing unit 404 through aninput device interface 442 that can be coupled to the system bus 408,but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, anIEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port,an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 444 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 408 via an interface, such as a video adapter 446. Itwill also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a monitor 444can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display,a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving displayinformation associated with computer 402 via any communication means,including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor 444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral outputdevices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 402 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 448. The remotecomputer(s) 448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallycomprises many or all of the elements described relative to the computer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storagedevice 450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprisewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 452 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 454. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 402 can beconnected to the LAN 452 through a wired and/or wireless communicationnetwork interface or adapter 456. The adapter 456 can facilitate wiredor wireless communication to the LAN 452, which can also comprise awireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 402 can comprisea modem 458 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 454,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 458, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 408 via the input device interface 442. In a networked environment,program modules depicted relative to the computer 402 or portionsthereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 450. It willbe appreciated that the network connections shown are example and othermeans of establishing a communications link between the computers can beused.

The computer 402 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bedin a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is awireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enablessuch devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out;anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radiotechnologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to providesecure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can beused to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wirednetworks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operatein the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with productsthat contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can providereal-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernetnetworks used in many offices.

Turning now to FIG. 5, an embodiment 500 of a mobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of network elements 150, 152, 154, 156,and/or VNEs 330, 332, 334, etc.

In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can includea linear amplifier that is provided power by a redox battery system. Inaddition, a hydrogen power system, a solar power system, and an ionicdiode power system can replenish charge for the redox battery system.Further, a power supply controller communicatively coupled to the redoxbattery system, the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, andthe ionic diode power system. Also, the power supply controllercontrols, adjusts, manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or providespower to the linear amplifier from the redox power system and controls,adjusts, manages, regulates, causes to provide and/or provides chargefrom one or more of the hydrogen power system, the solar power system,and the ionic diode power system.

In one or more embodiments, the mobile network platform 510 can generateand receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or accesspoints such as base station or access point 122. Generally, mobilenetwork platform 510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways,interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate bothpacket-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay,asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic(e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networkedwireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, mobile networkplatform 510 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, andcan be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein.Mobile network platform 510 comprises CS gateway node(s) 512 which caninterface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephonynetwork(s) 540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), orpublic land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7)network 560. CS gateway node(s) 512 can authorize and authenticatetraffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CSgateway node(s) 512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generatedthrough SS7 network 560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visitedlocation register (VLR), which can reside in memory 530. Moreover, CSgateway node(s) 512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PSgateway node(s) 518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gatewaynode(s) 512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS supportnode(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specificoperation of CS gateway node(s) 512, PS gateway node(s) 518, and servingnode(s) 516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilizedby mobile network platform 510 for telecommunication over a radio accessnetwork 520 with other devices, such as radiotelephone 575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic andsignaling, PS gateway node(s) 518 can authorize and authenticatePS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions cancomprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to themobile network platform 510, like wide area network(s) (WAN) 550,enterprise network(s) 570, and service network(s) 580, which can beembodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform 510 through PS gateway node(s) 518. It is to benoted that WAN 550 and enterprise network(s) 570 can embody, at least inpart, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Based onradio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) of radioaccess network 520, PS gateway node(s) 518 can generate packet dataprotocol contexts when a data session is established; other datastructures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can begenerated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s) 518 cancomprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetizedcommunication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Finetworks.

In embodiment 500, mobile network platform 510 also comprises servingnode(s) 516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) withintechnology resource(s) in the radio access network 520, convey thevarious packetized flows of data streams received through PS gatewaynode(s) 518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that relyprimarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver trafficwithout reliance on PS gateway node(s) 518; for example, server node(s)can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, ina 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s) 516 can be embodied in serving GPRSsupport node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 in mobile network platform 510 can execute numerous applicationsthat can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows,and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Suchapplication(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (forexample, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bymobile network platform 510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that arepart of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gatewaynode(s) 518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a datasession, and to serving node(s) 516 for communication thereafter. Inaddition to application server, server(s) 514 can comprise utilityserver(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, anoperations and maintenance server, a security server that can implementat least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as othersecurity mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s)secure communication served through mobile network platform 510 toensure network's operation and data integrity in addition toauthorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s) 512and PS gateway node(s) 518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s)can provision services from external network(s) like networks operatedby a disparate service provider; for instance, WAN 550 or GlobalPositioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s)can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobilenetwork platform 510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same serviceprovider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown in FIG. 1(s)that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more networkcoverage.

It is to be noted that server(s) 514 can comprise one or more processorsconfigured to confer at least in part the functionality of mobilenetwork platform 510. To that end, the one or more processor can executecode instructions stored in memory 530, for example. It is should beappreciated that server(s) 514 can comprise a content manager, whichoperates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment 500, memory 530 can store information related tooperation of mobile network platform 510. Other operational informationcan comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served throughmobile network platform 510, subscriber databases; applicationintelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rateprograms, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistentwith telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, orwireless, technology layers; and so forth. Memory 530 can also storeinformation from at least one of telephony network(s) 540, WAN 550, SS7network 560, or enterprise network(s) 570. In an aspect, memory 530 canbe, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as aremotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosedsubject matter, FIG. 5, and the following discussion, are intended toprovide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in whichthe various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented.While the subject matter has been described above in the general contextof computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on acomputer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination withother program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines,programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particulartasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Turning now to FIG. 6, an illustrative embodiment of a communicationdevice 600 is shown. The communication device 600 can serve as anillustrative embodiment of devices such as data terminals 114, mobiledevices 124, vehicle 126, display devices 144 or other client devicesfor communication via either communications network 125. Further,embodiments of the communication device, or portions thereof, can beincorporated in various devices described herein including low powersignal detector 202, linear amplifier 204, linear transmitter circuitry205, power supply controller 212, the redox battery system 214, hydrogenpower system 216, solar power system 218, ionic diode power system 219,hydrogen power controller 242, solar power controller 272, sunlightsolar power system 273, ambient heat solar power system 274.

The communication device 600 can comprise a wireline and/or wirelesstransceiver 602 (herein transceiver 602), a user interface (UI) 604, apower supply 614, a location receiver 616, a motion sensor 618, anorientation sensor 620, and a controller 606 for managing operationsthereof. The transceiver 602 can support short-range or long-rangewireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, orcellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth®and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special InterestGroup and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies caninclude, for example, CDMA-1×, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO,WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communicationtechnologies as they arise. The transceiver 602 can also be adapted tosupport circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN),packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP,etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 608 witha navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or anavigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device600. The keypad 608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device 600 or an independent device operably coupledthereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or awireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. The keypad 608 canrepresent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTYkeypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 604 can further include a display610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology forconveying images to an end user of the communication device 600. In anembodiment where the display 610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all ofthe keypad 608 can be presented by way of the display 610 withnavigation features.

The display 610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 600 can be adapted to present a user interfacehaving graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The display 610 can be equipped withcapacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect howmuch surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of thetouch screen display. This sensing information can be used to controlthe manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the userinterface. The display 610 can be an integral part of the housingassembly of the communication device 600 or an independent devicecommunicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (suchas a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 604 can also include an audio system 612 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 612 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI604 can further include an image sensor 613 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 614 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 600 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 616 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 600 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 618can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 600 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 620 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 600 can use the transceiver 602 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 606 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 600.

Other components not shown in FIG. 6 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity modulesuch as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal IntegratedCircuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifyingsubscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and soon.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can begenerated including services being accessed, media consumption history,user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained byvarious methods including user input, detecting types of communications(e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams,sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring ofthis information can be responsive to an authorization provided by theuser. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject toauthorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in,an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selectiveauthorization based on types of data, and so forth.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in theclaims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only anddoesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “afirst determination,” “a second determination,” and “a thirddetermination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determinationis to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “datastore,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any otherinformation storage component relevant to operation and functionality ofa component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a“memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciatedthat the memory components described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile andnonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further,nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM),programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM),electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory cancomprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available inmany forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhancedSDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methodsherein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising,these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can bepracticed with other computer system configurations, comprisingsingle-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computingdevices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-heldcomputing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tabletcomputers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based orprogrammable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Theillustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computingenvironments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices thatare linked through a communications network; however, some if not allaspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alonecomputers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules canbe located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificialintelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more featuresdescribed herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection withautomatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximumvalue/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) canemploy various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodimentsthereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a rankingor priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is afunction that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . ,xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is,f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilisticand/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysisutilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desiresto be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is anexample of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates byfinding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which thehypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from thenon-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classificationcorrect for testing data that is near, but not identical to trainingdata. Other directed and undirected model classification approachescomprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neuralnetworks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification modelsproviding different patterns of independence can be employed.Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statisticalregression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments canemploy classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generictraining data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UEbehavior, operator preferences, historical information, receivingextrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via alearning or training phase within a classifier constructor and featureselection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automaticallylearn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited todetermining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquiredcell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which ofthe acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existingcommunication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, theterms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, orcomprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to anoperational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, whereinthe entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. As an example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution,computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By wayof illustration and not limitation, both an application running on aserver and the server can be a component. One or more components mayreside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component maybe localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or morecomputers. In addition, these components can execute from variouscomputer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such asin accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., datafrom one component interacting with another component in a local system,distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet withother systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be anapparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical partsoperated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by asoftware or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein theprocessor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes atleast a part of the software or firmware application. As yet anotherexample, a component can be an apparatus that provides specificfunctionality through electronic components without mechanical parts,the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to executesoftware or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality ofthe electronic components. While various components have beenillustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiplecomponents can be implemented as a single component, or a singlecomponent can be implemented as multiple components, without departingfrom example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method,apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/orengineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or anycombination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosedsubject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein isintended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communicationsmedia. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but arenot limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digitalversatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g.,card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art willrecognize many modifications can be made to this configuration withoutdeparting from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to meanserving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or designdescribed herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to beconstrued as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments ordesigns. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended topresent concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, theterm “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive“or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “Xemploys A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusivepermutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both Aand B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoinginstances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in thisapplication and the appended claims should generally be construed tomean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context tobe directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,”subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobiledevice” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to awireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wirelesscommunication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video,sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. Theforegoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with referenceto the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” andthe like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless contextwarrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should beappreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automatedcomponents supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacityto make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms),which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially anycomputing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited tocomprising, single-core processors; single-processors with softwaremultithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-coreprocessors with software multithread execution capability; multi-coreprocessors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; andparallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, aprocessor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), acomplex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistorlogic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designedto perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploitnano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular andquantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimizespace usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor canalso be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,”and substantially any other information storage component relevant tooperation and functionality of a component, refer to “memorycomponents,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprisingthe memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components orcomputer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatilememory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile andnonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of variousembodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe everyconceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes ofdescribing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of the presentembodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/orclaimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations,modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope ofthe appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes”is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term isintended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as“comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in aclaim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue”indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that thesteps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used inconjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates thebeginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by otheractivities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indicationreflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/ormay be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further,while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, otherorderings are likewise possible provided that the principles ofcausality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupledto”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/orindirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Suchitems and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions,communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functionalblocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signalconveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one ormore intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format ofinformation in a signal, while one or more elements of the informationin the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can berecognized by the second item. In a further example of indirectcoupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the seconditem, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more interveningitems.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves thesame or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments describedor shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intendedto cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments.Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments notspecifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure.For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can becombined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. Inone or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can alsobe negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or withoutreplacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The stepsor functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subjectdisclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functionsdescribed with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure canbe performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions ofthe subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from othersteps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further,more than or less than all of the features described with respect to anembodiment can also be utilized.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a redox battery system,wherein the redox battery system comprises a three dimensional array ofa plurality of nano-batteries; a hydrogen power system, wherein thehydrogen power system comprises a nano-array of hydrogen paper, a heatsource and a water source, wherein the hydrogen paper is configured toattract hydrogen from the water source; a solar power system, whereinthe solar power system comprises an array of a plurality of nano-solarcells; an ionic diode power system, wherein the ionic diode power systemcomprises two electrodes separated by a polycarbonate membrane, twoborophene electric charge capture devices, and a capacitor stack; apower supply controller comprising a processing system including aprocessor, and a memory that stores executable instructions that, whenexecuted by the processing system, facilitate performance of operations,the operations comprising: providing power to a linear amplifier usingthe redox battery system; and causing recharging of the redox batterysystem utilizing at least one of the hydrogen power system, the solarpower system, or the ionic diode power system to provide charge to theredox battery system.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each of theplurality of nano-batteries comprises an anode and a cathode separatedby a membrane, wherein each anode of each of the plurality ofnano-batteries receives an anolyte from a first reservoir, wherein eachcathode of each of the plurality of nano-batteries receives a catholytefrom a second reservoir.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the anolytecomprises pyridinium.
 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the catholytecomprises iodide.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein a portion of thecharge is generated in response to the hydrogen being captured from thehydrogen paper in response to the heat source being activated andapplied to the hydrogen paper.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein eachcell of the nano-array of hydrogen paper comprises a nanoplate catalystthat provides the hydrogen to a hydrogen collector.
 7. The system ofclaim 6, wherein the hydrogen collector provides the hydrogen to each ofa plurality of anode-cathode pairs, wherein a portion of the charge iscollected from at least one of the plurality of anode-cathode pairs. 8.The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of nano-solar cellscomprise a Perovskite solar cell resulting in a plurality of Perovskitesolar cells.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality ofPerovskite solar cells is coupled to a riser resulting in a plurality ofrisers, wherein adjusting a riser of the plurality of risers adjusts anorientation of the Perovskite solar cell of the plurality of Perovskitesolar cells.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the adjusting of theriser of the plurality of risers comprises adjusting the riser of theplurality of risers in response to determining a time of day.
 11. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the adjusting of the riser of the pluralityof risers comprises adjusting the riser of the plurality of risers inresponse to determining a change in orientation of sunlight.
 12. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein each Perovskite solar cell of the pluralityof Perovskite solar cells is coupled to a charge collector resulting ina plurality of charge collectors, wherein a portion of the charge iscollected from at least one of the plurality of charge collectors. 13.The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of Perovskite solar cellsare arranged in a two dimensional array on a semiconductor, wherein eachof the plurality of Perovskite solar cells captures ambient heat to heata first side of the semiconductor.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein aportion of the charge is collected from the semiconductor.
 15. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein a portion of the charge is collected from ionflow between the two electrodes through the polycarbonate membrane bythe two borophene electric charge devices.
 16. The system of claim 15,wherein the portion of the charge is stored in the capacitor stack. 17.The system of claim 16, wherein the portion of the charge is provided bythe capacitor stack in response to discharging the capacitor stack. 18.A non-transitory, machine-readable medium, comprising executableinstructions that, when executed by a processing system including aprocessor, facilitate performance of operations, the operationscomprising: monitoring charge of a redox battery system; detecting thecharge is below a predetermined threshold based on the monitoring;detecting an amount of hydrogen on a portion of hydrogen paper in ahydrogen power system; determining an amount of sunlight according to aplurality of sensors, wherein a solar power system comprises theplurality of sensors; and causing recharging of the redox battery systemaccording to the amount of hydrogen and amount of sunlight, wherein therecharging of the redox battery system is performed by utilizing atleast one of the hydrogen power system, the solar power system, or anionic diode power system.
 19. A method, comprising: detecting, by aprocessing system including a processor, an amount of hydrogen on aportion of hydrogen paper in a hydrogen power system; determining, bythe processing system, an amount of sunlight according to a plurality ofsensors, wherein a solar power system comprises the plurality ofsensors; and causing, by the processing system, recharging of a redoxbattery system according to the amount of hydrogen and amount ofsunlight in response to detecting that a charge of the redox batterysystem is below a predetermined threshold, wherein the recharging of theredox battery system is performed by utilizing at least one of thehydrogen power system, the solar power system, or an ionic diode powersystem.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the solar power systemcomprises an array of a plurality nano-Perovskite solar cells, whereineach of the nano-Perovskite solar cells are coupled to a riser resultingin a plurality of risers, wherein adjusting each riser of the pluralityof risers adjusts an orientation of each nano-Perovskite solar cell,wherein the adjusting of each riser is in response to a sensor from theplurality of sensors detecting a change in an orientation of thesunlight.